Hannah Arendt concludes Origins of Totalitarianism with the remark: “we may say that radical evil has emerged in connection with a system in which all men have become equally superfluous.” Later, after observing the Eichmann trial, she came to the conclusion that evil could not be radical, it could only be extreme. What she learned from Eichmann, she believed, was that the nature of evil was its shallowness, its lack of depth—in contrast to our longing for the demonic.